First draft music video

This is the first draft of our music video that we have created, and already we have many ideas we wish to add to this project, such as take more scenes to create a story-line that is more solid than it currently is, and my partner and I have created a mood-board for the extra scenes we will need to add to our music video. We will also undertake a survey, and post it to social networking sites, so that we can get additional feedback.

Moodboard for final video scenes

Outtakes and Test shots

The outtakes and test shots from our day of filming on Monday, 21st of November 2011 are all in this video.

21/11/2011

The big day had finally arrived, we filmed for our music video! OK, so we had some serious potential problems which could jeopardize our shoot and we had some actual problems which we needed to overcome.


To start with though, we contacted our lead actor Thomas Woolstoon and asked him to arrive at 12:30 PM so that we could begin filming with him before the problem of lighting which I will get on to later in this report. Our other leading actress, Lauren Gallagher would not be available until after 03:00 PM due to educational commitments (lessons). Therefore we decided that we should film Thomas' solo scenes first, then film the scenes with Lauren later on in the day.


We also enlisted the help of two of our peers in the sixth form in filming our video. Zeinab Jobber let us use her house nearby where we were filming to shoot the scene of Thomas inside the house, and also him leaving the house. We also got help from another student, Matthew Nguyen, who agreed to help us shoot our video due to having good experience with the camera we was using, the NIKON D90, and also having a lot of good previous knowledge in filming.


We finished filming our music video around 4:30 PM, in which we completed a huge majority of the scenes apart from the close-up guitar scene which we would film at a later date.


Now for the problems we faced.


Firstly, the weather could of been a problem. We, however did check the weather forecasts before hand and no rain was predicted, and thankfully the forecast was right. However, because we are shooting our video in late November, lighting could very well of been an issue because it gets very dark at an earlier time in the evening. Therefore we shot as much as we could outside before it became to dark to viably continue shooting our video outside. Me and my partner considered to continue filming in a nearby train station, however we decided against this due to potential problems with security issues. This meant we decided to film in a nearby tunnel which had more than sufficient lighting


Our first main problem came though when we discovered the tri-pod we was using did not work properly, so our footage would not be steady. My partner in this project also does Art, so he knew he could go to the art department in our college near to where we was filming and obtain another one. Moreover, we were told at late notice we could not use a dolly for our filming, so instead we had to just carry the camera ourselves when shooting tracking-shots. This may work to our advantage though as it gives the video a more realistic and grittier feel which suits the song we are making the music video for.


We also had to be aware of the amount of times we played the song out loud because the docking station we used to play the song used battery's, which we knew could run out and we didn't have any spare battery's on us to replace if we needed to. The battery on the camera we was using was also running out, so we had to be careful about the amount of shots we took.


We used the Nikon D90, iPod touch for the song, iPad for our storyboard and a tripod. We came to the conclusion that we were going to have to shoot the guitar close-up without Tom, because he didn't really know how to play the guitar. We asked Tom to actually sing, so that the negative lip synching mannerisms did not creep it, which worked really well, apart from the last scene.

Equipment: Tripod, Nikon D90, Guitar, Coins, Guitar Case, iPod, iPad, Docking Station, Mobile Phones and Coffee Cups

Storyboard results for evaluation

Storyboard survey results

To make sure our storyboard was to a good standing, we asked people on to analyze the video, and give us possible suggestions. Some of the suggestions were unimportant with the genre of our music video, but one of them was vital, and helped us when it came to us changing our storyboard for our final product.

Final storyboard

This is the final draft of our storyboard, we have created this final storyboard based on the results of our survey.

Storyboard survey

http://kwiksurveys.com?s=LODJHI_4d205f69

This is the link to the survey regarding the storyboard.

Schedule

This is our schedule in which we have created for our music video process, all through the filming to the editing process so that we could keep to a set time. Our deadline for the first draft is the December 2nd 2011, but we aim to complete our final draft by that day. We will work hard to ensure we reach our self deadlines.

16/11/2011

Today I worked with Kay to ensure we completed our survey for our first draft storyboard, our final draft storyboard and also our schedule, and we are happy to say we have completed this.

Contact for hiring guitar

10/11/2011

Today Kay and I discussed what we did not like about our music video, and we have started mapping out what we think would work well, and what we think will not work well. Tomorrow my partner has educational duties, so he will not be in college. Therefore, the next time Kay and I will meet is Monday 14th November 2011, and we will continue our discussions and our lists.

09/11/2011

Today we researched our Youtube video to see if there were any copyright issues, but successfully we have not come across any, and currently have 46 views for our first draft storyboard.

08/11/2011

Today I have discussed with Kay the filming of our scenes in the music video. We gathered inspiration from the Ed Sheeran music video for the tracking shot, so we have decided we may incorporate something similar for the tracking shot. Below is a video of the behind the scenes of Ed Sheeran's Lego House video.

07/11/2011

We have come across trouble with our music video, due to my partner undertaking an exam next week, and preperation for the exam this week, so we have decided to postpone the video-shoot for two weeks.

04/11/2011

Today Kay and I have had a meeting about our video, we have come across the decision that we will use some of our friends in our classes to be pedestrians in the music our music video.

Evaluation of Planning

Andrew Goodwin is a theorist, and his theory highlights the key components that create a music video which consist of intertextual references, voyeurism and a relationship between the music/lyrics and visuals. My chosen songs lyrics are hard to decipher to an extent, but if you listen to it enough you understand that the song scripts the lead singer singing about a girl that he likes, this is illustrated in the fading of actors when they are about to encounter each other this forms a non-linear narrative. Amongst having a non-linear narrative we also have a solo performance from our artist outside, which also features him ‘busking’. The busking goes against the conventions of folk/rock music videos, as in those videos we traditionally see live performances or staged ones. The genre our artist belongs too is not too common amongst people, so there are very few known indie-folk artists, but some are Sufjan Stevens, Andrew Bird and Alexi Murdoch. There are similarities between artists that belong to the genre of my artist; such as they wear the same clothes that the average man would wear, nothing too extravagant, and nothing too expensive. Another similarity is that they often play the guitar, and most of their music videos are commonly from concerts, not much narrative within them. The main focus of this artist does not to seem too manufactured, but to give off a natural feel, so that the audience can connect to them, and listen to their music rather than focusing on the exterior of the person. We decided that our music video would consist of various different close-ups; so that the audience can capture emotion, as well as close-ups of the guitar to make the music video feel much more mellow. We have decided to filter the use of heavy intertextuality due to the reason we want a natural feel, and have the audience focus heavily on the music and the narrative.

Shooting schedule

We have planned our video shoot over the span of a week; we have already decided that our photo shoots will occur in the area of Shadwell. We are currently in winter and the weather can be unpredictable, so changes to the schedule may occur if it is a rainy day. We will check forecasts for weather reports.

Tuesday 8^th November 2011
On this day we plan to take scenes of the environment, we have chosen to take scenes of the environment because of the reason that Tom will be very busy with his college schedule. We may also take scenes that we may be able to incorporate into our music video, such as establishing shots.

Thursday 10^th November 2011
On this day we plan to take a majority of Lauren Gallagher’s walking scene , due to Tom being busy yet again. We may choose to add additional actors from the Drama department so that it could add a feel that is much more realistic, possibly have people shove her.

Friday 11^th November
On this day we will choose to do the majority of the scenes that solely consist if just Tom. We will finish of a huge majority of the shoots.

Monday 14^th November
On this day we will choose to film the final scene between Lauren and Tom, where Lauren fades away as Tom is still there, realising that the whole encounter was all a dream.

Casting/Actors

A main part of our music video was to have actors. We both knew that we wanted people who could really act, and people who were really reliable. Initially we had come across trouble finding an actor to be our lead singer within our music video, we were looking into the idea of asking the music department for someone who was talented at playing the guitar, but then we realized that since we had no solid relationship with any possible candidate; they may then be unreliable.

We soon after remembered that a friend of ours, Thomas Woolston, wanted to be in our group before he left our college, has music video experience and is also an actor so we asked him to be our lead singer within our music video, Tom gladly accepted the opportunity.

Soon after we had to find a female actress, to play the love interest. We had a really hard time trying to find the actress, but then we understood that the drama department had really good actresses, so we asked a drama student, Lauren Gallagher, to star in our music video, and she gladly said that she would help us.

I have now taken images of my main actors, in black and white. This will provide a brief preview and resume of them.

Full Name: Thomas Charles Matthew Woolston

D.O.B. 06/09/1993

Origin: London, UK

Ethnicity: Caucasian

Hair Colour: Dark Brown

Eye Colour: Blue

Full Name: Lauren Gallagher

D.O.B. 30/09/1993

Origin: Doncaster,UK

Ethnicity: Caucasian

Hair Colour: Dark Brown

Eye Colour: Hazel/Green

Contact with actors

contacting actor

My partner on this project used the social networking site Facebook to contact the actor who will perform in our music video. He did this to make sure he would still be willing to be in our video and what days and times he would be available to shoot.

Recce-further analysis

For the music video me and my partner is going to create, we have to decide the location, or locations, where we are going to shoot the video. We already had in our minds that urban areas, such as streets in East London, train stations, big buildings and graffitied walls was our desired location to make the video due to our narrative and interpretation of the lyrics of our song choice. So you can see in our recce that we took these types of photo's.

However we was also interested in incorporating greener areas as well in our video. We believe that it would make the video more unique and enjoyable to watch as we are not just shooting in one type of area. Again, though we also though that it would be good because it suits our interpretation of the lyrics and our storyboard as well. This meant we took some photographs of a park area in Bow where we might shoot part of the video.

Recce

Photo 1:  

• Bow, Tower Hamlets, London
• Park- possible location for busking scene and/or where main performer and love interest meet.
• Potential problems: weather e.g rain could cause the location to be hard to perform in or dangerous. 

Photo 2:

• Bow, Tower Hamlets, London
• Park- same as above
• Potential problems- same as above

Photo 3:

• All same as above

Photo 4:

• All same as above

Photo 5:

• Stratford, Newham, London
• Public street- possible location for busking scene, typical type of place where people busk
• Potential problems- Local pedestrian interference e.g- may disrupt shot, interfere with performers or camera man. Possible hazard with busy traffic, accidents.

Photo 6:

• Poplar, Tower Hamlets, London
• Public street- Possible location for busking scene, typical type of place where people busk.
• Potential problems- Local pedestrian interference e.g- may disrupt shot, interfere with performers or camera man. Possible hazard with busy traffic, accidents.

Photo 7:

• Green street, Newham, London
• Public Street- urban graffiti is a good representation of urban london buskers and may also be enjoyable to look at visually for the viewers.
• Potential problems- again, local street so there is a danger of interference from local pedestrians e.g- disrupting shots, disturbing the performers and/or camera man.

Photo 8:

• Limehouse train station, London
• Public street/under bridge- possibly a good location for the busking scenes because again this a typical location where buskers perform, adding to the realism of our video.
• Potential problems- Lack of light may make shots visibly bad quality, although this may be fixed by obtaining a generator and lighting kit to use. Passing, busy traffic may also be a problem. 

Photo 9:

• Stratford, Newham, London
• Public street- a much more quieter and calmer residential street. Therefore this could very well be a good location to shoot as we are less likely to be disturbed.
• Potential problems- primary school near by, so after 3pm it maybe difficult to film here as children and parents going home may disturb our shoot, so we'd have to shoot before 3pm to ensure that will not be a problem. Again the weather and passing traffic could also cause potential problems.

 Photo 10:

• Poplar, Tower Hamlets, London
• 
  

                                                       

possible inspiration

The split screen editing throughout this video is an intriguing idea, and may also be used in our own music video.

Possible inspiration for intertextuality

(500) Days Of Summer was a really good film which involved two various perceptions, one of expectations and one of reality. I really liked the thought of this because the song we chose was a love story in which it seemed the female didn't know how the singer felt about him. We felt this clip of (500) Days Of Summer really fitted the theme of our story.

We were unable to Embed the video due to the video's Embedding being disabled by request.

The link for the video is below, and the parts in which we were interested in starts at 0:00 and ends at 0:52

(500) Days Of Summer

Storyboard

Online survey

http://www.kwiksurveys.com/online-survey

This is the link to the online survey me and my partner created. The aim of this survey was to get a general consensus of people of our age, both male's and female's taste in music and preferences according to music video. This is a very simple survey as we just want a general idea of peoples opinions which could help us when we create our music video. We have used the social networking site Facebook to publish the survey out to people.

Music video narrative

Throughout our whole video we will be enabling split screen editing, so we will have two separate narratives for both the male performer and female love interest. They will meet together at the end of the video to combine their narratives together, although the camera will still be rolling where our male performer previously was before.

Male) Establishing shot- performer leaving his home with guitar. takes ipod out, searches and plays cold coffee song. Music then starts.

Female) Mid-shot- woman walking down the street towards the camera. she has a cup of coffee in her hand

Male) close-up- of male performer singing as he is walking to his spot on the street where he is going to be busking.

Female)

Annotation of lyrics

CD cover analysis

The CD cover I am analysing is the debut album of English rapper, Tinie Tempah (real name Patrick Okogwu). The album was released in the UK on the 1st of October, 2010.


Firstly, the actual title of this album is Disc-Overy. This is a clever play on words as it can have different meanings. 'Disc' obviously literally means that the product is a disc, however by  calling it 'Disc-Overy' shows that because he is only just establishing himself as an artist he is still learning things about himself that he never knew before. It could also mean that the public who can buy the album can discover a new artist who is fresh and which they'd like to listen to. To me, as a potential consumer of this album, I believe it signifies that this album is not cliche, and just like other albums, that it is new and unique and he (the artist) is inviting me to discover something new.


The image used on the album is also interesting and tells us as the audience a lot about the artist. Firstly, their is an image of the artist with his sunglasses on. This is important as the artist is trying to establish this as a type of trade mark by wearing sunglasses in his music videos and in public appearances. for example:

By doing this he is following in the footsteps of many music artists such as Michael Jackson who was the subject of my star image analysis, with his white glove etc. The reason for him doing this is that he may want to promote his style to his audience, he may also want to appear fashionable to his target audience of young male and females who find his clothing sense 'in-trend'. This is very important as it can be argued that image is just as important as the actual music, this is because if the public does not think an artist is fashionable they most probably will not want to listen to his/hers music, especially if there an establishing artist. This is supported by the fact that record labels now control the way many artists dress and are seen by the public. So, by appearing in his debut album with his Ray-ban sunglasses on he is further establishing his image to his target audience.

Poster for album

The choice to use the artist as the central image is a sensible one as this is his first ever album, this means he still hasn't got a big reputation. Therefore he needs as much publicity as possible, and by using his own image means he will be gaining publicity. It is also good for the audience to know who exactly the album is associated with. 


Interestingly, the artist is seemingly got his arms around a capital city made up of landmarks like Big Ben in London and the Empire State building in New York. Again, this has many different possible connotations to it. 


Firstly, it may signify the artist's urban roots as he was born in London and has been quoted as saying, "London is one of the only places in the world where you can live in a council block and see a beautiful semi-detached house across the street. Growing up around that was inspirational, it kept me motivated." Therefore he could be trying to show through this image the landmarks and location that has inspired him.  Also this can be a sign of his style of music. Tinie Tempah is a rapper. This means his music has an urban appeal and will be aimed at people living in city's. So, he may be visually showing potential consumers the style of music he performs and where it originates and where it's aimed towards.


However, it could also signify the confidence he has, and how successful he believes he will be. You can say he looks like a Omniscient figure, standing over and cradling this city. So he may be implying that he will become extraordinarily popular with people in these citys, that he will metaphorically 'Own' them.


Lastly, the dominant colours used is also intriguing. The purple spotlight shining on the artist makes him stand out and look very dominant, especially as it is contrasts with the black background. Again, this emphasises the power he is portrayed as having with this album cover.


To conclude, the back of the album follows the same general pattern of the front cover of the album. By this I mean the dominant colours used are still purple and black. The spotlight this time is on the tittles of the songs included on the album. This is again to get the consumers attention on the songs on this album. It is important, I believe for the album artwork to be consistent, meaning the artwork and design are the same, or very similar on the front cover and back. You can see this as well through the font used, as the font on the front cover of the album showing the name of the artist and the tittle of the album is the same as the font used on the back of the album for the song names.


The reason this is important is because the image he is portraying has to make sense and he can not be ambiguous, meaning have separate style of art for the front cover and back.        

Digipak analysis- Madonna

Front cover

Back cover

Poster Inc. with album

This digipak I am analysing is the world famous music artist Madonna's third greatest hits album, titled 'Celebration.' It was released on September 28th 2009. A compilation DVD, named 'Celebration:The Video collection' was released alongside the album.


The title of this album has one main connotation. As this album was released very late on in her illustrious career, the title "Celebration' signifies that by her fans purchasing this album, they have the opportunity to celebrate the revered singer's long career. The fact that this album contains all her well-known favourite songs and a few new songs, backs this up as by fans purchasing this album and listening to all these songs, they can truly celebrate her career. Moreover, the up-beat nature of the title implies that the music on this album will be positive and up-lifting, which will draw customers to this album on the premise that they will enjoy the music.


The central image of Madonna on the album cover is also interesting. It seems to be in the style of andy warhols painting of Marilyn Monroe, shown here:

Marilyn Monroe by Andy Warhol

I believe the reason that this was done was because her record label, Warner Bros. Records, wanted to portray Madonna as the new modern day Marilyn Monroe. Monroe in her time was seen as a cultural icon fashion icon, and a sex symbol. Therefore, the audience can work out from this that Madonna wants to model herself on Monroe, and become the new, cultural, fashion icon of her time. This would help her increase her fan base and popularity.


The physical appearance of the star is  










  

Moodboard

This is the storyboard we created that will influence possible themes within the actual music video. We gathered pictures that may relate to the genre, or our perception of the star image.

Profile of Ed Sheeran

Name: Ed Sheeran
D.O.B: 17th Febuary, 1991

Ed sheeran is an English singer song-writer. He is currently signed to Asylum/Atlantic record label. The genres he belongs to are folk rock, accoustic and more recently Hip-Hop and grime. He often plays the guitar in his songs and in his most popular music video's, 'the A-Team' and 'You need me...' he himself does not feature promanantly in the videos. This is strange in a way because most up and coming artists will feature predominantly in their videos. He and his record label may have decided not to be in the videos because he wants the audience to focus more on his songs and his singing than fame and obtaining a star image.

The reason for creating this profile of Ed Sheeran is because I will create a music video based on his music. Therefore, I believed it to be important to learn more about his background and the type of music he creates, so that the mise-en-scene of our video is reflective of the genre of the artist and the music he creates.

Ed Sheeran- Cold Coffee [Lyrics]

She’s like cold coffee in the morning
I’m drunk off last night’s whisky and coke
She’ll make me shiver without warning
And make me laugh, as if I’m in on joke

And you can stay with me forever
Or you could stay with me for now
And tell me if I’m wrong
And tell me if I’m right
Tell me if you need a loving hand
To help you fall asleep tonight
Tell me if I know
Tell me if I do
Tell me how to fall in love
The way you want me to

I’ll wake with coffee in the morning
But she prefers two lumps of sugar and tea
Outside, the day is up and calling
But I don’t have to be
So please go back to sleep

And stay with me forever
Or you could stay with me for now
And tell me if I’m wrong
And tell me if I’m right
Tell me if you need a loving hand
To help you fall asleep tonight
Tell me if I know
Tell me if I do
Tell me how to fall in love
The way you want me to

Cos I love the way you wake me up
For goodness sake, will my love not be enough?

Tell me if I’m wrong
Tell me if I’m right
Tell me if you need a loving hand
To help you fall asleep tonight
Tell me if I know
Tell me if I do
Tell me how to fall in love
The way you want me to

Tell me if I’m wrong
Tell me if I’m right
Tell me if you need a loving hand
To help you fall asleep tonight

Possible song choices

Me and my partner had to decide which song we would make a music video for. We narrowed our choices down to 3 of the rising music artist, Ed Sheeran, song's. These were;
*Cold Coffee
*Lego House
*Autumn Leaves

We was also interested in choosing a Pink floyd song or another song performed by an artist called Tinashe.











In the end we decided on making a video for cold coffee. This is because we prefered the quicker tempo to this song compared to the others. It had, to us, better potential when it comes to editing etc. to make a more enjoyable video to watch compared to the other options. Also we had more interesting ideas for when it comes to shooting the video with the lyrics to 'Cold Coffee', again more so than the other video options. We are now ready to start annotating the lyrics to the song which you will see in a later post.

Codes and Conventions- Analysis of 4 music videos

Kay Ibrahim & James Hadley

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The development of a star's image through music video over time

The star I am analysing is the late, world famous singer Michael Jackson. When he was very young he was part of the Jackson 5, a group which contained the 5 Jackson brothers, but, as the lead vocal Michael Jackson was the star. He later went on to be one of, if not the most famous performers ever with a number of legendary songs which are still enjoyed to this day and also many memorable music videos which have been watched all over the world. He was also very important because he was one of the first black men to have a music video regularly shown on MTV, which was Billie Jean. The genres he was involved in mainly was pop, R'n'B and rock.

As a solo artist, the first two music videos Michael Jackson released were 'Don’t stop 'til you get enough' and 'Rock with you.' Both videos have similar and different aspects, but both successfully show the audience Jackson's image early on in his career. For example both show just Jackson dancing, which later become synonymous with Michael Jackson. Both videos are shot with just him singing and dancing, in the first song with a changing background and the second with a green disco light behind him, to focus on just him as he was still establishing himself as a soloist, so he wanted the audience to focus on him directly. These videos helped Jackson have an image which was energetic and fun because of the dancing but also 'cool' and modern with the younger audience his videos were aimed at because of the special effects used in 'Don't stop...' and because of his tuxedo and silver jumpsuit he wears in both videos respectively.

As Michael Jackson's career developed, both his physical appearance and image as a music artist changed considerably from his earlier music videos. Even though in his videos he doesn't play different characters perse, his personality and individual character changes. For example in the music videos 'Bad' and 'The way you make me feel' Jackson's famous dancing abilities are shown fully as nearly the entire duration of the videos Jackson is dancing. Also, in 'The way you make...' video he is shown as someone who is desirable to women and who is pursuing women through his dancing. 'Bad' shows Jackson as the title suggests as a rebel and a little bit dangerous which is very different to his other videos, although the video is more concentrated on the dancing rather than danger etc. Also throughout Jackson's career a number of visual motifs became associated with him, which helped his popularity and career grow to new heights. For example, his white suit and hat, the single silver glove and his signature move, 'the moonwalk.' All of these became synonymously associated with Jackson and helped him to become one of the biggest stars in the music industry.

Moreover, camera-work and editing were important tools in Michael Jackson’s videos to help him develop his star image. Again, I will return to Jackson’s first video as a solo artist, ‘Don’t stop till’ you get enough’, as the camera work is interesting in showing how he wanted to establish himself. The only camera shots used in this video are close-up shots of Jackson when he is singing and long shots of him dancing, this alternates by the camera continuously zooming in and out on the singer. The close-up shots are used because as an establishing singer, Jackson wanted the audience to just focus on him and his appearance so that they can begin to recognise him more, and especially associate his voice and songs to his face. The long-shots purpose is to fully show off to the audience the dancing skills Jackson possesses, as this was and would later go on to be a major part of his star image, as his dance moves that he shows in this video would later become synonymous in all of his video’s.

Later on, as Michael Jackson’s career progressed and he became a major star, the editing and camera work showed how his star image had developed and moved on. The music video ‘Black or white’ is an excellent example of this. The editing used in this video is to help show Jackson’s opinion on racism. For example, at the end of the video editing is used to show the faces of different people of different races change quickly and transform. This is done to show that the differences between people should be celebrated and that we are all the same. This shows that Jackson can now focus on getting his personal message across through his video’s, rather than just solely focus on dancing and singing to make him a star. Also, the long shots in this video show Jackson dancing with various people from around the world. This helps to show how he embraces diversity as part of his image, but also shows the confidence he gained that he was a big enough star that he could perform in groups in his videos but still have the focus and attention of the audience mainly on him and his performance.

The impact Michael Jackson made to wider culture is massive, probably more so than any other star. He was majorly popular throughout his illustrious career. Through his music and videos he was able to spread his message of peace and acceptance to a global audience.

In conclusion, through his music videos, we have been able to see the development of Michael Jackson. From his early videos which showed him to be a young, energetic and upbeat performer to his later video’s where he still showed the same qualities but also conveying a message to the audience through the camera work, editing and mise-en-scene.

Analysing narrative in Music Videos - Man Down, Rhianna

The video I am analysing is by popular RnB artist Rhianna for her latest single 'Man Down.' I will be specifically be focusing on the narrative theories by Todorov and Propps.

Firstly, this video certainly does not follow Todorovs typical narative structure, but rearanges the different stages which is quite unconventional and rare in a music video. By this I mean the video starts with the reperation, where we see Rhianna shoot someone. This is done because it imediately shocks the audience, leaving them wondering why she would do it and making them want to watch the rest of the video to find out.

After that stages one to three continue as normal. Meaning the normal state of equilibrium where the performer seems happy and is going through a normal day, to a distruption of the equilibrium where the audience see Rhianna being followed and then subdued by a person she met in a club, who is also the man who is shot by her in the beggining, and thena recognition that the disorder has occured when the audience realised that the man must have rapped her. Finally, the audience doesn't see the new equilibrium as frankly the video is long enough to add this. In my opinion this is a very intelligent way of rearanging Todorov's narrative model as I believe it adds to the emotional impact of Rihanna shooting the man and the man raping her because at first the audience may have felt negatively about rihanna shooting that man, like she was the antagonist, but after the audience see what happen they may feel guilty or upset feeling that way before watching the whole video.

In this video I can only identify two of propps characters. Rhianna is the hero and the rapist is the villain. Altough again as we see Rhianna shoot the man at the beggining for no apparent reason the audience may suspect her to be the villain. Again, this shows how intelligent this video is as it makes the audience think twice about labbeling the characters without seeing everything first.

There are is no intertextuality in this video.

Time is represented in a way in which different times of the day represent different things. For instance when we see Rhianna during the day time she is happy and positive, as day time is usually perceived as safe and when people feel happy, wheras we see Rhianna in the nightclub and being abused at night by the rapist. This could be because night time is often ascociated with partys and danger, especially for women.

Textual analysis of a music video-Outkast (Hey Ya)

The video I have chose to analyse is Hey Ya! by OutKast. The video was directed by Bryan Barber who has directed many RnB and hip hop videos by various artists. The genre that this music belongs to is Hip Hop. Some of the characteristics of hip hop are shown in the video, for example you can see a number of attractive girls, which you can see in many hip hop videos made by male artists.

In the video their are a number of clear examples of how the lyrics are directly related to the visuals. For example, around half way into the videos you can hear the lyrics "shake it (shake it) like a Polaroid picture." The effect of this is that it engages the reader as they might copy the actions of the people in the song. It also means that people will enjoy the video more because it is fun and upbeat, meaning the song will be successful.

You can also see the relationship between the music and the visuals. For instance during the song, when the artist isn't singing and the music temporarily stops, the artists in the band also stop moving and their is just a still camera shot. When the music starts again the camera then rapidly shows different camera shots to represent the upbeat nature of the song. This makes the video more enjoyable as a whole.

Also, when their are solo instrumental bits, for example the keyboard solo, we are shown this in a separate shot in the video to match the solo. This makes the solo stand out more and the viewer will appreciate this solo even more.

The record company are trying to sell this track as an upbeat, happy song that people will enjoy listening to and also watching the video. We are shown a number of close up shots of the main singer, and his facial expressions seem positive and it makes it look like he is a happy person enjoying performing, which suits the style and nature of the song. There are motifs in the background of the stage where the artists are performing of hearts. This shows me that they are trying to sell the band positively, as hearts represent love, which makes people feel emotional and joyful, so they are also selling the artist as joyful, increasing their popularity.

There is reference to the notion of looking, but it is no way a sexual display or anything in that nature. We can see a family at home watching the perform ace of the artists in the video at home. This again makes the band seem popular and fun to watch and listen to as the family are all dancing along to the music. We can also see screens within screens as there are close ups of all the artists including their nicknames. This is done for comedic affect, again trying to portray the artists as fun to appeal to the viewers.

The whole video is an inter textual reference to the Beatles first live performance in America on the Ed Sullivan show. They are introduced by a presenter before the start performing, the same as the Beatles and you can also see and hear screaming girls throughout the video, just like the Beatles performance. Also the clothing and technology shown are all from the era when the Beatles performed. I believe the reason they chose to emulate the Beatles may be to show their appreciation for their success, which in turn will make OutKast more popular because people will like the fact that they appreciate an old band like the Beatles. Also they may be trying to compare themselves to the Beatles as they both produce upbeat music and they both give high tempo performances.

The video starts of narrative based as we see who is supposedly the band manager ushering the artists on stage. The dialect he and the band uses is typical African American dialect. They use this because this is the way their fans know them to talk so they don't want to change to much that viewers will become confused or unhappy that they have changed too much. Next, throughout the song it is performance based. The reason I believe they chose to do it like this is to make the video more entertaining and also to build up suspense to the actual performance as the viewers are waiting to see them perform, when they finally do they will enjoy the song more.

In conclusion I believe this is a very well made and successful video. The quick paced editing really complements the song and the performance of the artists on stage. The actions of the extras also help to make the video more comedic and entertaining to watch. Overall this is a very successful video because of a number of different things which all work well to making a successful Hip Hop video.